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Female
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November 1
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Cheers, Tara
Have you tried Journal of Cultural Diversity Volume 10 no. 4. The title is English As a Second Language (ESL) Nursing Students : Strategies for Building Verbal and Written Language Skills
Simple past. We use this to talk about something that started in the past and is finished. It is no longer occurring. It is done. For example:
I studied English very hard last year.
This means last year I started to study English, I continued to study English, but then I stopped studying English at some point. This tense emphasizes completed action. I only studied English for a period of time and I no longer am studying it. That period of time is finished.
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Present perfect In contrast to completed action, we use this for something that we started in the past are continuing to do it and have not stopped. I am still studying now. Example:
I have studied English very hard since last year.
This means I started studying English very hard last year and I have not stopped studying English very hard. I am still doing it up to this point.
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Past perfect We use this when we talk about something we started to do, continued to do it and finished doing it. In this way it is similar to simple past. But the difference is that we are also going to talk about another action that occurred after this first action finished. We emphasize the order in which the two evens occurred in relation to each other.
I had studied English very hard for 3 months before I took the TOEFL exam.
This means I started to study English very hard (because of the upcoming TOEFL exam). I continued to study hard for a period of time. I then finished studying hard (maybe the day before the exam). Then I did another action that is related to the first action. I took (simple past) the TOEFL exam. Both are completed actions.
Hope this helps. I welcome your questions.