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You are not alone in having a problem with these three tenses. I will try to explain it as simply as possible, which is difficult for me since I like to explain and explain and explain. :)
Simple past. We use this to talk about something that started in the past and is finished. It is no longer occurring. It is done. For example:
I studied English very hard last year.
This means last year I started to study English, I continued to study English, but then I stopped studying English. I only studied English for a period of time and I no longer am studying it. That period of time is finished.
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Present perfect We use this for something that we started in the past are continuing to do it and have not stopped. I am still studying now. Example:
I have studied English very hard since last year.
This means I started studying English very hard last year and I have not stopped studying English very hard. I am still doing it.
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Past perfect We use this when we talk about something we started to do, continued to do it and finished doing it. In this way it is similar to simple past. But the difference is that we are also going to also talk about another action that occurred after this first action finished.
I had studied English very hard for 3 months before I took the TOEFL exam.
This means I started to study English very hard (because of the upcoming TOEFL exam). I continued to study hard for a period of time. I then finished studying hard (maybe the day before the exam). Then I did another action that is related to the first action. I took (simple past) the TOEFL exam.
Hope this helps. I welcome your questions.
It is so nice to meet you. I like your blog about love. It is so true. I have been married to my young love for almost 40 years and we still love each other.
Tell me about your experience with English learning.