An English Club learner friend of mine recently asked me a question about the following phrase: Being seriously injured which was used to talk about a dog. She expressed some confusion about our ing and ed forms. I thought that there must be others who are confused about these endings to our verbs and how we use them. So I am creating a blog to try to clear up this issue. It is a long and detailed blog. So read it little by little and try to understand a little bit at a time. If you make it to the end and understand it all, congratulate yourself because I usually teach my students all of this in 6 lessons.INGDo you ever get lost in the confusing maze of our 'ING' forms? This definitely is a confusing part of English. In English we have the ‘ing’ ending. We put it on the end of a verb to use the verb in different ways than we normally use it. This form has many jobs in English. I recommend that you think of this form in three ways. The three main jobs are:1. Verb tenses: Continuous/Progressive action for a period of timeWe use the ing form with our tenses (present, past, future, etc) to emphasize action that continues or progresses for a period of time. We call these forms of our tenses Continuous or Progressive (you will see both terms for the same thing). These actions don't start and then stop; they continue.A. Present continuous - I am eating my dinner now so I am busy for a while.B. Past continuous - I was eating my dinner last night when my sister called me.C. Future continuous - Soon I will be eating my dinner for a while but I can talk now.D. Present perfect continuous - I have been eating my dinner at 8 PM for many years. (This has continued for many years up to the present moment and hasn't stopped yet. Each occurrence was a continuous action).E. Past perfect continuous – I had been eating my dinner at 8 PM for many years until I decided to eat earlier at 7 PM. (A previous action continued for many years in a continuous manner each time before a certain event occurred - I suddenly changed my habits)There are other tenses that use the continuous/progressive but we don't use them very much at all. So adding the continuous form to a tense just emphasizes action that is continuing. We picture ourselves in the middle of the action as it is, was or will be occurring. It is not action that started and stopped.2. Present Participle –This form of the ing verb is used to describe things like an adjective describes things. They are used with nouns. You can say the energetic (adjective) man or the jumping (present participle) man. When we use the present participle we are talking about actions or activities the man does. So because it is action, we say it is active. The laughing girl insulted her friend. The girl actively does the action where she laughs. We could also say the girl who laughed insulted her friend. But it is shorter to say the laughing girl. Remember that this is only used to express an active meaning. Sometimes we can use the present participle after a thing to describe it. I saw the man jumping into the swimming pool. Jump is not an actual verb tense here. It is like an adjective that describes the man. Which man or what is is he like? I describe him as jumping.3. Gerunds - This form of the ing verb acts like a noun or a thing. It is not a verb tense, it is not an adjective, it is a verb that acts like a noun. I can say charity is a good thing to practice. Or I can use a gerund instead. Giving money to the poor is a good thing to practice. I like eating food from other countries. I like to experiment with speaking in different accents. The gerund can be used in the same situations that nouns can be used.EDNow it all gets more confusing when we introduce the past participle. If a verb follows the rules (regular) we simply add the letters ed to make the past participle form. It looks exactly like the past tense form, but it is used differently.Past tense: He liked sports as a child. Past participle: He was liked by many children as a child.If the verb is irregular, it doesn't use the ed. It will use many different endings that don't follow the rules. And many times the past participle is different than the past form. We have to memorize these irregular forms.Past tense: The British ran the company for 5 years. Past Participle: The company was run by the British for 5 years.The past participle (just like the present participle) is also used as an adjective to describe things. But while the present participle describes a person or thing by emphasizing the action it does, the past participle describes a person or thing by the action it receives or the way it feels. For example the dog was walked by his owner. Did the dog walk the owner? No. The dog received the action. It was walked by the owner. So we say the dog was passive by receiving the action from the owner.The past participle is also used to talk about our feelings or conditions. We have feelings because things happen to us. In the case of feelings, we use the past participle as follows: the girl was worried all day about her parents. It is how she felt because something happened to her parents and this fact affected her. We can also say, the worried girl was concerned about her parents.A thing can be in a specific condition because it receives action. The written homework was difficult. The homework was written by a student.BEING SERIOUSLY INJUREDSo now we can get to the phrase that started all of this - Being seriously Injured was used to talk about a dog.We call this a phrase because it is more than one word. We use all these three words together as one meaning. So it is a phrase. This phrase can be used as either a gerund or a present participle. Let me give you simple examples first. Let’s use being first.Being happy is a good thing – Being happy is called a gerund phrase. It starts with an ing form which is used as a noun. But happy is part of the phrase. Being happy is the action of experiencing happiness. So being happy is used like a noun or a thing. It is the state of happiness.Being very happy, the little girl sang a song. Being very happy is called a participial phrase. It starts with an ing form which is used to describe the little girl, so it is a participle, not a gerund. What kind of little girl is this. She is one who is being very happy. This is how we describe her.Now the word injured in our phrase adds more confusion. Because injured is a past participle that describes the fact that the dog passively received an injury. So the dog is injured.So what you now have is a combination of the ing form and the ed form in one large phrase. So the dog is actively experiencing (being) something. The dog is actively experiencing something that it received passively. So the confusing part is that it is a combination of active, first and passive second.Now I can use this larger phrase as either a gerund or a participle. The first example that follows (a) is a gerund. The gerund phrase is used like a noun or a thing. The second example (b) is a participial phrase that describes the dog like an adjective.(a)Being seriously injured is a very dangerous thing for a dog to experience.Being seriously injured = the active experience of receiving an injury passively(b)The dog, being seriously injured, crawled to his owner.Being seriously injured = a description of the dog which helps us understand why it crawled. Normally it would run.CONCLUSIONCheck the following: The (1) interesting speaker (2) interested me so much that I was quite (3) interested in his topic. (4) Interesting another person in a topic is not always easy.Can you identify the forms 1, 2, 3 and 4 used above?If you made it to this point and you understand all of this, I give you kudos. Kudos are recognition of a task well done. Maybe you would rather have a gift.If you are totally confused, think of this as simply an exposure to the topic. You may need to learn other things first, before you learn this topic.
What you have here is a verb that cannot be passive because it always has an active meaning. Being escaped cannot be done to you nor can it be done for you. You can be helped to escape but nobody can ‘escape you’. Some verbs cannot be used in a passive manner. Escape is always something a person does and cannot happen to them so the boy was escaped is not permitted in English. Neither can we use the boy had been escaped, because that is also a passive use of the verb. The boy escaped is the simple past and it means he started his escape and completed it and is no longer happening. The boy had escaped is the past perfect. This tense is always used to talk about something that happened before something else happened in the past. So I can say: The boy had escaped from the slave trader before we could free him. . The boy had been escaped cannot be used since this is the past perfect passive. It is like the past perfect but it happens to a person passively.
Instead of using escape in the passive, we can use the verb ‘to free’ because the verb to free can be in both active and passive This means another person allowed someone to be free or they took the person by force from someone who had captured them.
The slave trader freed the boy so he could live with his mother.
The boy freed himself by cutting the ropes that bound him. (This is the reflexive, where someone does something to one’s self).
The father of the boy and his friends freed him from the camp of the slave trader
The boy was freed from the camp of the slave trader by his father and his friends
So I can use all the tenses you used (for escape) with the verb ‘to free’.
The boy freed himself (reflexive). The father freed the boy (active).
The boy was freed by his father (passive). We don’t say the boy was freed by himself.
The boy had freed himself (reflexive). The father had freed the boy (active).
The boy had been freed by his father (passive). We don’t say the boy had been freed by himself.
Hi Mr.Bill,
I'll try to answer your question, Sir..Pls correct if I'm wrong...
1.present participle that use as an adjective to describe the noun speaker
2.past participle-
3.past partiiciple-
4.Gerund use as a subject in that sentence...
dayana2,
It really depends upon what you really wanted to say. The ing form can act as an adjective and also the ed can act as an adjective. The difference is that ing means the noun is doing the action and ed means the noun is passively receiving or has received the action.
So if you meant the nations themselves are still in the process of actively trying to become nations that are considered advanced, then you can say the advancing nations, because they are actively pursuing this status.
If you meant the nations that are considered to already be advanced by the the view of other nations in the world, then you need to use advanced nations. The advanced nations are the ones that already have received the status of advanced nation. They don't need to try anymore to reach that status.
I assumed that you meant the nations which are now considered advanced by the rest of the world are the ones that were raised by their leaders from a status of not being advanced to the status of now being advanced.
Is this clear or do I confuse the issue?
dayana2
The advanced nations were risen by brave leaders.
The lazy girl was awoken forcefully
The jobs begun in the name of God are blessed by God.
The beaten child was angry at the boy who was beating her
Comments
I admire your voluntary effort for helping us. I am following this blog with respect and mutual interest.
Kind Regards,
What you have here is a verb that cannot be passive because it always has an active meaning. Being escaped cannot be done to you nor can it be done for you. You can be helped to escape but nobody can ‘escape you’. Some verbs cannot be used in a passive manner. Escape is always something a person does and cannot happen to them so the boy was escaped is not permitted in English. Neither can we use the boy had been escaped, because that is also a passive use of the verb.
The boy escaped is the simple past and it means he started his escape and completed it and is no longer happening.
The boy had escaped is the past perfect. This tense is always used to talk about something that happened before something else happened in the past. So I can say: The boy had escaped from the slave trader before we could free him. .
The boy had been escaped cannot be used since this is the past perfect passive. It is like the past perfect but it happens to a person passively.
Instead of using escape in the passive, we can use the verb ‘to free’ because the verb to free can be in both active and passive This means another person allowed someone to be free or they took the person by force from someone who had captured them.
The slave trader freed the boy so he could live with his mother.
The boy freed himself by cutting the ropes that bound him. (This is the reflexive, where someone does something to one’s self).
The father of the boy and his friends freed him from the camp of the slave trader
The boy was freed from the camp of the slave trader by his father and his friends
So I can use all the tenses you used (for escape) with the verb ‘to free’.
The boy freed himself (reflexive). The father freed the boy (active).
The boy was freed by his father (passive). We don’t say the boy was freed by himself.
The boy had freed himself (reflexive). The father had freed the boy (active).
The boy had been freed by his father (passive). We don’t say the boy had been freed by himself.
I'll try to answer your question, Sir..Pls correct if I'm wrong...
1.present participle that use as an adjective to describe the noun speaker
2.past participle-
3.past partiiciple-
4.Gerund use as a subject in that sentence...
It really depends upon what you really wanted to say. The ing form can act as an adjective and also the ed can act as an adjective. The difference is that ing means the noun is doing the action and ed means the noun is passively receiving or has received the action.
So if you meant the nations themselves are still in the process of actively trying to become nations that are considered advanced, then you can say the advancing nations, because they are actively pursuing this status.
If you meant the nations that are considered to already be advanced by the the view of other nations in the world, then you need to use advanced nations. The advanced nations are the ones that already have received the status of advanced nation. They don't need to try anymore to reach that status.
I assumed that you meant the nations which are now considered advanced by the rest of the world are the ones that were raised by their leaders from a status of not being advanced to the status of now being advanced.
Is this clear or do I confuse the issue?
The advanced nations were risen by brave leaders.
The lazy girl was awoken forcefully
The jobs begun in the name of God are blessed by God.
The beaten child was angry at the boy who was beating her
to make simple, can we say ?
I mean, to remember easily;
ing= active
ed=passive
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